Bokeh. Their sensors are small (starting at 1/2.7-inch (5.37 x 4.04 mm)). Image sensor – The heart and soul of every digital camera, it's the silicon chip (generally using CMOS but sometimes CCD technology) that captures the picture or video you're shooting. That’s why you can get your lens close to that little ant. Shots may be categorized: 1) according to the apparent distance of the main subject from the camera (camera distance); 2) according to the angle of the camera in relation to the subject; 3) according to the content, nature or subject matter of (e.g., a reaction shot or a two-shot); 4) according the means accomplished physically (camera movement). It’s basically a light source that produces a flash of artificial light. More light passes and the depth of field gets shallower. A 35mm lens has a distance of 3.5cm between the focal point and the principal plane of the lens. More bokeh is achieved by using wide apertures, longer focal lengths, or getting closer to the subject. — the air. This is a problem for interchangeable-lens cameras, whose internals are exposed to the air during lens swapping. Here is a glossary of terms that explains the features and functions of digital cameras including DSLRs, mirrorless cameras and phone cameras. The camera automatically adjusts the shutter speed to achieve proper exposure for the selected aperture. Bracketing involves taking several shots of the same scene, using different camera settings. The goal is to let the viewer follow the action without manipulating their emotions. RAW files are usually processed outside the camera in editing software such as Photoshop. This is used for HDR images. The readout is thus time and energy-consuming. These numbers here are fractions of a second (1/400th of a second, in this example). You might even wish for a Photography to English dictionary. Medium format cameras use the 120 roll film. This might be a lot to take in, but you can browse through it anytime you want. Because the camera itself is moving, the result allows viewers to feel as if they are also moving across the scene. Daylight is around 5500 Kelvin, whereas fluorescent lighting is closer to 4000 Kelvin. They go from 4.5mm to 16mm, depending on the sensor size. Compared to a zoom lens, a prime lens of commensurate quality is generally cheaper, faster (allows more light to pass) and produces less distortion. Histograms give you a mathematical representation of how well exposed an image is. A viewfinder is that part of the camera which you look in and see the image you are going to capture. Please refresh the page and try again. Camera Movement Terms Pan - Horizontal movement, left and right, you should use a tripod for a smooth effect. 0 EV is the luminance (brightness) of exposure at ISO 100, 1 second and f/1.0. A low-pass filter, also known as anti-aliasing or “blur” filter, eliminates the problem of moiré. Pixel means picture element, and every digital image is made up of them. Macro lenses are telephoto lenses with a really close near point. The image playback mode on the camera, as well as photo-editing programs, often display the histogram as a guide to the edits that will improve the look of the photo. The process of changing from one shot to another accomplished through the camera or by the splicing of shots together by the cutter (editor). 'RealPlayer'], If you're interested in taking pet photos, a photography cheat sheet is very helpful. Like any other technology, art form or field, digital cameras have their own nomenclature. Aperture priority – A mode (abbreviated AV) available on nearly all advanced and some point-and-shoot digital cameras that allows the user to set a specified aperture value (in f-stops). You can follow him at the DigitalBenchmarks Lab Notes Blog on Grotta.net, on Twitter @TeamGrotta, on Google+ and onFacebook. A Digital Camera Glossary. Here, we collected a lot of terms in connection with photography which you need to know. Point-and-shoot has come to denote relatively small cameras that don't accept interchangeable lenses, even though some of them may offer advanced features and control options. We write it as “f/” followed by a number (for example, f/2.8). Camera Shots Student Handout Camera Shots Quiz Connect each of the following terms to the visual description that best describes it: Close-up The condemned man looks squarely at the camera and declares his innocence. Its purpose is to give the photographer time to get into the picture, or to guarantee a steadier shot by avoiding having the photographer jar the camera when pressing the shutter button. In this focus setting, the camera will keep re-focusing your lens on a moving subject, as long as your finger is pressed half-way down on the shutter release. Bit depth – The level of gradation used to define a shade of dark or light. Lens mount – The opening on the front of a DSLR or mirrorless camera into which an interchangeable lens is fitted. Exposure compensation – In complex lighting situations, your camera's light-metering system may result in pictures that are too bright or too dark. It could be natural, such as the sun, or an off-camera flash unit. It results in a failure to focus and a colored halo around objects in the frame. A point-and-shoot camera is also known as a compact camera. In terms of editing, it gives you room to play around. The ratio of the lens's focal length to the diameter of the opening is the f-number, or f-stop. A higher resolution helps with cropping and larger printing. The relative size of the aperture is described by the f-number. Also if you wish to know more of these terms, we recommend our other, deeper articles. APS-C – Advanced Photo System-Classic is an image sensor roughly one-third to one-half the size of a 35mm frame of film, or full-frame image sensor. Soft light is diffused light, usually found on an overcast day. This is why lenses with lower f-numbers are more expensive. As a container file, it not only consists of the image itself. They work with the same mechanical system as SRLs, but instead of using a film, they capture the image digitally and store it on a memory card. Prime lens – A lens with a single focal length, be it wide, normal or telephoto. Data from these three colors is combined to produce the pixels that make up a digital image. Tilt - Vertical movement of the camera angle, i.e. This method is generally faster than contrast detection. It uses the camera’s built-in metering system and measures the distance from the subject. In shutter priority, the camera adjusts the aperture (f-stop) to produce proper exposure at the user-selected shutter speed. It is the aesthetic quality of the blur produced in the out-of-focus parts of an image. They let the user determine which shutter speed, f-stop, and ISO to use. A 360° camera lets you record your scene in a full-circle panorama. Also, it allows you to take photos with longer shutter speed. A deep depth of field, often used for landscapes and group shots, captures virtually everything in sharp focus. Technically, Polaroid cameras are also medium-format. Metadata is the additional information that describes (image) files. Ambient light is also referred to as available light or natural light. There are two functions a light meter performs. SLR – Short for single-lens reflex, an SLR is a film camera in which a mirror reflects incoming light from the lens into an optical viewfinder, allowing the photographer to preview and frame a shot. It shows you an electronic view of the scene or your captured images. So pho… When stitched together, they will show the object with a full, overall focus. But to image sensors, that white may have a yellow, blue or green cast. As far as photography terms go, you might only need to know about this if you’re capturing action, wildlife, or sports. Framing & Composition: The frame is the picture you see in the viewfinder (or on a monitor). Its important to note that the following shot types only relate to subject size within the frame, and dont directly indicate what type of lens is used to capture the scene. The reflector tends to bring a softer light and is a cheaper option. So, when we say ‘3 EV lower’, we mean 8 times darker. The f-number (or f-stop) is the ratio of the diameter of the hole of the aperture and the focal length. Here are 3 of the 7 steps we uncover in this 21 minute video: ['rmockx.RealPlayer G2 Control', An image that measures 5184×3456 pixels is equal to 17.9 MP. Also, these are not operating with as fast f/stop values as prime lenses. Live view – A feature built into almost all digital cameras and video cameras that allows the user to preview the subject on an electronic screen or in an electronic viewfinder in real time before snapping a photo or starting to record video. long shot(Totale, totale Einstellung) a view of a situation or setting from a distance. Also perfect for environmental portraits, conceptual artworks, and studio photographs. Noise becomes more pronounced as the camera's ISO (light sensitivity) is raised, causing decreased detail and distorted colors. Light metering modes – The most typical metering modes are spot, in which a small cluster of sensors in the middle of the frame determines the amount of light falling on the subject; center-weighted, which measures half the light from the spot and half from the corners and averages them; and matrix metering, which measures a number of points throughout the frame and averages them. It looks at the scene you are photographing and separates it into different zones. It shows the field of view. This is only for calculation. They all use the same film, but the amount of frames depends on the camera. Editing: The selecting and assembling of shots when creating a film. ‘Exposure value’ or EV, is a standardised measurement of exposure. Like the individual photos which make up an album, the shots get put together to make a video. A contrasty image has deep blacks and bright whites. They are generally expensive. Its low-light sensitivity and ability to provide live preview and video capture to DSLRs have made it extremely popular. Although pet photo shoots are a lot of fun, they can…, A friend of mine was asking for advice on which lens she should buy the other day. It's also known as a flat-field lens. A lens hood can also play a protective role. There are three different types of basic camera shots which include: the close-up, medium shot, and the long shot. Shorter (faster) shutter speeds can freeze fast action. It lights just for a short time (flashes), this is where its name is coming from. It usually creates spherical or optical distortions. Privacy Policy Terms of Use. A hot shoe is a holding area for a flash or other device that allows a connection between the camera and the device. The complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor is a type of imaging sensor. It is generally used to make two or more objects appear closer or farther away. Sweetening This number is expressed in mm and written on the outside of the lens. They have an angle of view from 100° to 180°. An aperture of f1.4 (which only a few lenses can achieve), for example, is a very wide opening that puts very little of the image in focus. For more information on this, see our What Does Crop Sensor Mean? When an image comes out blurry, we hit the delete…, Photography Definitions for Extra Equipment, Photography Terms Used in Printing and Editing, See all articles in Photography Cheat Sheets. As a screenwriter, you compose the blueprint everyone involved in a movie uses: the actors for dialogue, the director for composing scenes, and the camera operators for camera shots. It looks at where your focus is placed, and evaluates the light only in that area, ignoring everything else. Later on, you can adjust this white balance when editing your pictures. Lenses and/or using external tools such as filters and lens hoods cause these. Cameras that allow images to be saved in the RAW file format can also be set to simultaneously capture JPEGs, so the user has the option of which format to use for each picture. Different fields of photography require different prime lenses. Basically, it means that you can’t change the focal length of a prime lens. High-key photos usually give a clean and positive impression and feeling. Face recognition – Many cameras have the ability to recognize a person's face (or multiple faces) when you're shooting a portrait, group shot or other scene, and set those as the points for optimal focus and exposure. Moving objects will record as a partial or complete blur or streak, which helps convey motion or an expanse of time. An image or part of an image that receives too much light to be a proper exposure. You can ‘bring’ faraway objects closer with these lenses. For example, a shutter speed of 1/60 second is one stop less than 1/30 second. It is not always a problem. Focal length – An optical measurement that determines how much of what you see in front of you is captured by your camera's lens. They are also more expensive. medium long shot (halb totale Einstellung) shows a group o f people in interaction with each other, e.g. Once the buffer is full, the camera will reduce the FPS to give it enough time to free space. Bracketing – Setting a camera to automatically take two to six quick shots with a change in a single setting to increase the chance of getting a perfect shot. "the camera pulls away from the close-ups to a long shot of the Boston skyline." With that in mind, on to the list! The exact film ratio for medium format is different for each brand or camera type. New York, Many digital cameras have an "electronic shutter." Digital noise refers to the grain found on images captured using a higher ISO. The Advanced Photo System type C is an image sensor format. A shot of two subjects with the camera placed/held behind one person, and facing the second person. Opening up translates to decreasing the number of the f-stop. This is a photographic optical illusion. Large format cameras shoot on sheet film which can range from 4×5″ (10.16cm x 12.7cm) to 8×10″ (20.32 cm x 25.4cm). A key part of any lens. If the sun is shining over a snowy landscape, at f/22 a balanced exposure is achieved using a shutter speed that is the inverse of your ISO. Burst mode is also known as continuous shooting mode. The focal length of lenses on smaller cameras is often translated into full-frame equivalents in order to make comparisons. This is best used with a remote shutter release. The effect is possible to be created with Photoshop as well, albeit less precisely. It can raise the camera high above the ground, allowing the camera to move in practically any direction. Medium Shot An interior of a car where a couple are having an argument. We call it red-eye effect when the eyes of the person you’re photographing mirror the light back at your camera. They are small enough to fit in your pocket. These crystals turn due to electricity. Different light sources have different colour temperature. This is one of the main parameters which marks and groups the lenses. The term generally refers to more advanced devices, MILCs. If shooting for longer than a second, it’s displayed as 1″ (or longer). This abbreviation means Mirrorless Interchangeable Lens Camera. A must-have if you’re shooting in bright daylight, or towards the sun. We use it on the front lens of a camera. Here is a notable example from GoodFellas. You can also select your interests for free access to our premium training: Some photography terms can make you scratch your head. It means the dot density found within an inch of an image both in print and on-screen. You can create photographs and videos you can move around in. A low ISO produces the best images, whereas high ISO settings allow shooting in lower light but at the cost of more "noise" — essentially static that produces a grainy appearance. It has a field of view similar to our non-peripheral vision. Depth of field – The part of an image, from foreground to background, that is in focus. RAW – A file format, usually proprietary to each camera manufacturer, that stores all the captured image data without compression. All Rights Reserved. A large DoF will keep most of the image in focus, while a small one will show a very small area in focus. When using this mode, images are stored in a high-speed buffer memory before being transferred to the memory card. In relation to a human subject, close-up usually refers to a shot of the face alone although, of course, there may be close-ups of hands or feet, or any other part of the body. Sensors detect movement and instantaneously signal the image sensor or a lens element to move in the opposite direction, canceling out the movement. Light appears in circles, because of the blade mechanism of the aperture. So, they have a wider view than a standard lens and our vision. Abbreviation for “Digital Negative”. Fair warning, there’s a lot of them. This way you can avoid many kinds of light diffraction. Photography Terms for Cameras. Photosite – Also called a photoreceptor, it is a tiny well on an image sensor that collects photons of light and measures the brightness of red, green or blue light falling into it. Aperture Priority, also known as A or Av, is a camera setting mode. Vignetting refers to a ‘light fall-off’ and means the darkening of image corners, compared to the centre. We did pick up an electronic feed through the lens, which you see via the LCD screen on the back of the camera. The bottom lens is solely used to take the photograph. Many digital cameras have a mini-HDMI jack that allows them, with an adapter cable, to send HD video directly to a TV. Barrel Distortion (standard lens close-up photography); Pincushion Distortion (low-end telephoto lens); and Mustache Distortion (wide end of zoom lens). The camera points straight ahead at about the same level as the subject’s face. A 200mm telephoto lens with the teleconverter x3 turns your lens into the equivalent of a 600mm lens. A Single-Lens Reflex is a camera with one lens, used for focusing, viewing and capturing. The dynamic range means the range of light intensities from the largest and smallest values in an image. Adjusting aperture is the main way to control depth of field. Your camera usually displays it as a whole number, like ‘400’. Some bridge cameras have very long zoom lenses; 30X or greater is not uncommon. They are common in high-end wide-angle and standard lenses. The shutter speed or exposure time is the length of time the film plane or digital sensor is exposed to light. TIFF is useful for printing as it doesn’t lose data during post-processing. These are neither completely black or white. Camera shake is the resulting blur found in images when you capture a scene without a tripod. The shutter allows light to pass through the camera and hit the sensor for a determined period of time. Noise is not always visible in small versions of photos used for online posting but can become obvious in large prints or cropped photos. You can have a great sensor, but image resolution depends on the lens you use. BSI is usually found in smaller sensors, such as those in some Nikon and Samsung mirrorless cameras, Sony point-and-shoot cameras and various smartphones, such as newer Apple iPhone and Samsung Galaxy S models. It is found in some mirrorless and bridge cameras. On a camera with an APS-C image sensor, a normal lens is about 35mm, and on a camera with a 4/3 sensor, it's about 25mm. This technology makes it easier to take photos while holding your camera in your hands. The larger CF (compact flash) card is found in many "pro" DSLR models. A short focal length, such as 24mm, captures wide angle; a long focal length, such as 100mm, is telephoto. This is the light that naturally occurs in a scene, without adding a flash or light modifiers. Micro 4/3 – This is an implementation of the 4/3 sensor format (originally used in DSLRs) for mirrorless cameras. There was a problem. Tilt shot The camera tilts up or down, rotating around the axis that runs from left to right through the camera head. It determines the angle of view and magnification in photography. This often means a loss of detail and contrast, but the image is mostly light. Later this phrase became more famous for its photographic aspect as they referred to ISO as film sensitivity after the event.

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